Essay on Network Design Project - 622 Words

Assignment: Project 2 Sunday, May 19, 2013 Network Design Project Proposal for Joe’s Yachts 1. How Network Access Protection operates and potential benefits of its implementation at headquarters. NAP allows administrators to set and specify policies defining conditions to be met or access is denied. This is mainly for the security of internal threats such as unauthorized workstations, for example personal laptops. Since Headquarters is the main master brain of the network so to speak, we must not forget about security and protection within its walls. This is a major issue and must be addressed. If an unauthorized laptop was connected to the network wirelessly or hard wired into the LAN, the firewalls in place would not†¦show more content†¦This option has the ability to allow or deny access on the basis of a physical port (wall jack, connecting to a wireless access point). This feature has three (3) components including: Supplicant: Authenticator: Authentication Server (AS): This option has the ability to allow or deny access on the basis of a I think this would be a great idea to implement into the network design as it could stop those from access even though they physically connect to the network without any administrator knowing if and when they do. Almost like a child safety lock when they not know or understand the threat it could have. Reflection Summary: This class has taught me many new and valuable means of information not only for this class but for my future in the IT field as well. This class specifically has made the key impression of network designs to be a very complex and high demand area that with key knowledge and experience will help me in my career. By introducing me into this area also makes me understand the inns and out of the process. Simply just using computers to communicate with others isn’t just that at all, I now understand that so much more comes into place from security, features, and being able to secure from known and unknown’s problem is vital in any company, organization, or enterprise. With this type of knowledge I can add into my field of knowledge as to possibly being able to land a position as an administrator for a companyShow MoreRelatedWan / Network Design Project1547 Words   |  7 PagesClass Project- NETW208 WAN/NETWORK Design Project Project designed by Gary Minardo Carrie Viles Chuck Hassler January Session Devry University Professor N. Baig The campus redesign we propose that we use all 3 of the Cisco Catalyst 6500 switches and we allocate one switch for the design department, one for the Human resources and one for marketing and sales. This will help optimize and departmentalize the switches for easy access and design simplicity. We also would like to have each switchRead MoreExecutive Summary for Network Design Project4537 Words   |  19 Pagescustomized software package to fit our needs. Link Systems will be using the Cisco WAN Network to connect all of the company to its customers by computer, cell phone and PDA. I chose the star topology so that problems with one client would not interrupt the work flow of the other clients and/or the network. The installation of anti virus software on every client computer was implemented to insure the protection of the network from malware. Cabling Specifications A star topology is designed with eachRead MoreIntegrative Network Design Project Part 3 Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrative Network Design Project part 3 Student Name Course 27 October 2014 Professor Identify hardware and also software needed to secure your choice of networks against all form of electronic threats. A network that assists a workstation to link up with the other is called a Networking hardware. Whenever a business uses both routers and even firewall, the organization is guaranteed protection of both wireless and cabled networks which are used in the organization. Network hardwareRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Integrative Network Design Project1043 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Riordan Manufacturing Integrative Network Design Project Week4 Brenda Rivera NTC/362 March 24, 2014 Heather Farnsworth Introduction Riordan Manufacturing a global plastics manufacturer is taking the next step to upgrade the existing infrastructure with new wireless technology which will provide a better communication link. With new systems and servers the ability to maximize the company’s profits will increase overnight. The new inventory system will allowRead MoreFinal Project: Executive Summary for Network Design Project6237 Words   |  25 PagesCphoeniX Inc.s Network DesignOctober 25, 2009Executive SummaryCphoeniX INC is a small organization that specializes in aircraft maintenance. The companys headquarters are based in Illinois; and they have facilities located in four other states as well. Each facility or office then consist primarily of four departments; maintenance, accounting, receiving, and shipping. Due to the breakdown of each department, and the multiple facilities, constant sharing of data, programs and various applicationsRead MoreIS3220 Project Network Design Chris Wig Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ IS3220 Project Part 2: Network Design Chris Wiginton, Jose Rosado ITT Technical Institute, Tampa FL Instructor: Sherman Moody 28 October, 2014 The best network design to ensure the security of Corporation Techs internal access while retaining public Web site availability consists of several layers of defense in order to protect the corporation’s data and provide accessibility to employees and the public. The private-public network edge is considered particularly vulnerable to intrusionsRead MoreDesign And Implementation Of Modern Home / Office Network Monitoring Project778 Words   |  4 PagesChapter4: Design and Implementation In previous chapter the requirements, domain and technical analysis are done to capture the granular requirements build as component architecture. This section provides high level design (HLD) of the components and steps on coding and implementation. High Level Design The high level design of modern home/office network monitoring is illustrated in the diagram below. Figure 4.1 High Level Design The major components of this diagram are listed below. 1. AWS-IOTRead MoreNtc 362 Week 2, Integrative Network Design Project , Part 1 Essay example1200 Words   |  5 PagesKudler Fine Foods Network Overview Name University of Phoenix NTC 362 Date Instructor Upon reviewing Kudler Fine Food network, it has been determined that a major network overhaul will need to be conducted to make sure that Kudler is brought up to speed with the latest technology. This is very important because if Kudler is unable to keep up with the technological advances then the company will fall behind. Making sure that Kudler is not only able to keep up withRead MoreNetwork Lab Design for Kolej Professional Mara Beranang Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Contents PROJECT TITLE 2 INTRODUCTION 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 OBJECTIVES 2 SCOPE 3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 3 PROBLEM SOLUTION 4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 4 DESIGN 7 CONCLUSION 11 PROJECT TITLE Network LAB Design for Kolej Profesional Mara Beranang (KPMB). INTRODUCTION MARA Professional College Beranang (KPMB) was formerly known as MARA Institute of Commerce(IPM), which was established on May 1977. KPTM now located in Beranang Selangor that near the Mantin. KPMB have more than 30 staff and 2000Read MoreWhat Does Good / Bad Communication Look Like A Network?1137 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Does Good / Bad Communication Look Like In A Network? There are, or have been, a number of scholars who have deployed SNA for researches in the communication domain. Their works may be summarized in Table 3. And, as will be reviewed briefly below, several existing studies have demonstrated that SNA metrics and sociogram characteristics could serve as leading indicators of the quality of communication. Loosemore (1998) conducted a case study of a construction crisis to challenge the view that

Cisa - 12611 Words

1. A benefit of open system architecture is that it: A. facilitates interoperability. B. facilitates the integration of proprietary components. C. will be a basis for volume discounts from equipment vendors. D. allows for the achievement of more economies of scale for equipment. ANSWER: A NOTE: Open systems are those for which suppliers provide components whose interfaces are defined by public standards, thus facilitating interoperability between systems made by different vendors. In contrast, closed system components are built to proprietary standards so that other suppliers systems cannot or will not interface with existing systems. 2. An IS auditor discovers that developers have operator access to the command line of a†¦show more content†¦6. When reviewing an implementation of a VoIP system over a corporate WAN, an IS auditor should expect to find: A. an integrated services digital network (ISDN) data link. B. traffic engineering. C. wired equivalent privacy (WEP) encryption of data. D. analog phone terminals. ANSWER: B NOTE: To ensure that quality of service requirements are achieved, the Voice-over IP (VoIP) service over the wide area network (WAN) should be protected from packet losses, latency or jitter. To reach this objective, the network performance can be managed using statistical techniques such as traffic engineering. The standard bandwidth of an integrated services digital network (ISDN) data link would not provide the quality of services required for corporate VoIP services. WEP is an encryption scheme related to wireless networking. The VoIP phones are usually connected to a corporate local area network (LAN) and are not analog. 7. An IS auditor selects a server for a penetration test that will be carried out by a technical specialist. Which of the following is MOST important? A. The tools used to conduct the test B. Certifications held by the IS auditor C. Permission from the data owner of the server D. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is enabled ANSWER: C NOTE: The data owner should be informed of the risks associated with a penetration test, what types of tests are to be conducted and other relevant details. All other choices are not as importantShow MoreRelatedCyber Security : New Law1719 Words   |  7 PagesManagement, the Senate decided to take action. On October 27, Senate passed the CISA or Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act. This act is â€Å"designed to [stop] corporate data breaches by allowing companies to share cybersecurity threat date with Department of Homeland Security [and then] pass it on other agencies. . . who in theory use it to defend the target company and others facing similar attacks† (Greenberg). CISA addresses the issue of attempting to stop hacks on major companies by giving theRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Business Environment1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmay begin to be. The current information technology certifications are Certified Information Security Manager (CISM), Certified Informatio n Systems Auditor (CISA), Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC), Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT (CGEIT), and the Certified Information Technology Professional (CITP). The CISA is currently the oldest IT certification as being established in 1978 compared to 2002 for CISM, 2003 for CITP, 2007 for the CGEIT, and 2010 for the CRISCRead MoreFinancial Management And Efficient Planning1373 Words   |  6 Pagescritical indicators of financial strengths and weaknesses and thus the basis of the overall situation analysis. Some of the significant financial ratios include; profitability ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, and liquidity ratios (Tugas CISA, 2012). These ratios can identify financial trends for the company and can be used to make industry comparisons. Ratios calculated from Snead’s Dry-Cleaning Company, therefore, will be a basis for comparison to improve the financial position and suggestRead MoreCollaboration Between Users And U sing Crowdsourcing Platforms991 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginally intended, or made available to unauthorized parties (Cilliers Flowerday, 2015). The best example to illustrate the problem with trust in information use and intent with crowdsourcing is the US bill CISA, The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015. Essentially, CISA requires government agencies, corporations and other organizations to share cybersecurity threat information with one another to help identify potential threats (Tracy, 2015). The problem with the bill is not theRead MoreThe Government Intervention And Its Effect On National Security1203 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasure of government intervention is the passing of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) of 2015. The current goal of CISA would allow for the sharing of Internet traffic information between the U.S. government and technology and manufacturing companies. The aim of the bill is to help the U.S. government investigate cyber threats and ensure the security of networks against cyberattacks (CISA, 2015). While it is true that the government is slow to move there are also times when the privateRead MoreSample Resume : National Open University Of Nigeria852 Words   |  4 Pagesadmitted. The admission process takes approximately 72 hours. Noun University is available throughout the country, Nigeria with over 32,000 students Open University of Nigeria has programs for undergraduate, Diploma, well recognized Certifications like CISA, CIA etc., Postgraduate, Masters and Ph.D. Programs. National Open University will never go on strike. The duration of the course is 4 years. 2. IJMB in Unilorin, University of Abuja and ABU Zaria: The program offered in these schools is called INTERIMRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Security Outsourcing746 Words   |  3 PagesWaterfall method of software development mainly because of its speed of development. It is very appropriate when software has to be developed in crash time (tight deadline) and its customer focused. References: Certified Information System Auditor (CISA) Review Manual http://www.nytimes.com/allbusiness/AB5221523_primary.html https://www.cmcrossroads.com/article/change-management-not-change-control http://www.brighthubpm.com/change-maRead MoreThe Role of Information Security Policy Essay894 Words   |  4 Pagesfocuses on building security into the Software Development Life Cycle. Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) certification is perfect for management level professional working in an enterprise environment. Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification trains professionals in IS audit control and assurance. This list could go on, but the take-away is that many businesses can benefit from employing security professionals with the skills and knowledge gained through these certificationsRead MoreCobit Casestudy Tibo8168 Words   |  33 PagesISACA sponsors international conferences, publishes the Information Systems Control Journal ®, develops international information systems auditing and control standards, and administers the globally respected Certified Information Systems Auditorâ„ ¢ (CISA ®) designation, earned by more than 35,000 professionals since inception, and the Certified Information Security Manager ® (CISM ®) designation, a groundbreaking credential earned by 5,000 professionals in its first two years. Disclaimer The IT Governance

Macbeth Villan or Victim free essay sample

Persuasion is an extremely powerful tool against the weak. It can affect someones choices between good and evil and block their judgement. It plays a critical role in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Macbeth is a victim of persuasion, ultimately making him unaccountable for his actions. Lady Macbeth, Macbeths partner, persuades her husband to commit murder. The three witches influence Macbeth’s decisions through the use of predictions. The three apparitions made by the witches also play an important role in determining Macbeth’s fate. Taking these examples into consideration, Macbeth was overpowered by others persuasion making him a victim. To start, Lady Macbeth is one of the most persuasive characters in the play. She uses the tool of manipulation to her advantage to receive personal benefits. As soon as she opens Macbeths letter where he talks about the three witches’, Lady Macbeths determines that she wants to be the Queen of Scotland and plans to help her husband get the throne. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Villan or Victim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She determines this when she says, â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promis’d. After this scene it was easy to see how dark hearted Lady Macbeth really was. Though Macbeth is still a good hearted, loyal man, Lady Macbeth will do just about anything to make sure he becomes King and she become Queen. It is obvious at this point that Lady Macbeth is responsible for the death of King duncan and the corruption of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth to kill the King by questioning his manliness, â€Å"When you durst do it, you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. Sense Macbeth values his man hood he is easily convinced. If Lady Macbeth had never persuaded him, he most likely wouldnt have killed King Duncan in the first place causing the following string of events to never occur. Lady Macbeth was one of the main causes in her husbands shift from good to evil. In the play, Macbeth views the three witches as wise, evil, and powerful women. Witches are known in this era for their unbelievable powers, because of this Macbeth is greatly influenced by them. The witches easily  manipulated Macbeth with their ability to see into the future. When the witches say, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be King hereafter. † (1. 3. 48-50). Macbeth cannot help consider that what they are calling him is in fact his future. Macbeth’s guard is down once he learns about the witches predictions which causes him to become weaker, making persuasion even easier. Due to Macbeths weak state he is consumed by his dream of maintaining the throne. Though he is a noble, respectable man, Macbeth is completely mesmerized by the witches prophecies. Due to Macbeths new weakness, the witches can make sure he does exactly what they want. The witches make Macbeth feel very confident and reckless leading him to make his bad decisions. Lastly, The three apparitions the witches show him ensure that Macbeth will follow the path they want him to take. The first apparition tells Macbeth to, â€Å"Beware Macduff; Beware the Thane of Fife. † This confirms Macbeths fears and worries regarding Macduff as a threat. The second apparition that he encounters is a bloody child, the child says, â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn, the power of man, for none of woman born, Shall harm Macbeth. † (4. 1. 81) Because of this Macbeth feels relieved and no longer threatened by Macduff. He feels like he is finally in control of his situation. The final apparition and possibly the most important tells macbeth to be full of pride and carelessness. He believes these prophecies with everything he has, causing him to be incautious, over-confident, and extremely vulnerable. Ultimately, Macbeth can’t be held responsible for his actions because he is a victim of persuasion. His own wife persuaded him into committing murder, introducing him to a life of insanity and evil. The witches directed Macbeths actions through their supernatural powers and prophecies. Followed by the three apparitions made by the witches tricking him into his vulnerable state. Persuasion is a powerful tool against the weak. It can affect someones choices between good and evil, and block their judgement. Macbeth is a victim of persuasion.

Mary Parker Follett Has Been Described free essay sample

However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern (Hurst, 1992). What were Mary Parker Folletts main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to Classical management theory; and how are they relevant to practicing managers in contemporary organisations? ? Classical approach to management mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of workers and organisations based on management practices, which were an outcome of careful observation. Besides, administration principles are based on attempts to document and understand the experiences of successful managers’ (Management, p. 90). This essay will seek to some Mary Parker Follett’s main contributions to management thought and practice. It will also explain why Mary Parker Follett has been described as ‘thoroughly modern’ and an administrative theorist in the classical approach to management. For example, the opinion of organisations based on the group behaviour has led to the idea of the self-managing team. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Parker Follett Has Been Described or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Integration† has become, in modern times, conflict resolution (Hurst, D. K, 1992, Business quarterly, p. 45). The aim of this essay is to determine that how her contributions relate to classical approach to management and also examine how they relevant to managers in contemporary organisations. The first section of this essay will examine Follett’s first contribution to managementis the importance of groups within organisation. In societies we often think of the individual as being the opposite of the group, that groups negate individuality, but she acknowledged that groups are able to help society in general and achieve personal identity to improve the quality of group members’ lives, help to explain how people can work together effectively but with less risk of self-deceiving denials of power than occurs in our contemporary ideas about corporate culture and leadership. Follett had a clear idea of how a good boss helps people grow’ (The optimist: Mary Parker Follett, p. 103). To Follett, an organisation cannot be successful if working without teamwork. Every member has their own unique opinion but each person’s opinion should be recognised. Therefore, all members need to combine their efforts to be successful. This contribution clearly relates to classical management theory, it relies on administration principles which concentrate on the management aspects such as teamwork. Integration is another increasingly important contribution in management; by this she found solutions to conflicts that were acceptable to both parties. Follett said the conflicts existed in every organisation due to many different opinions between managers and workers. The conflicts are neither good nor bad but all depend on the knowledge of managers so they can be able to use or eliminate. ‘Follett viewed organisations as communities in which managers and workers should work in agreement, without one party dominating the other, and with the freedom to talk over and truly reconcile conflicts and difference. Follett also thought differently than the other theorists of her day, discarding command-style hierarchical organisations where employees were treated like robots’ (Classical Schools of Management, 2012). She indicated three things to turn a conflict into a chance for changing and progress: ‘against compromise, domination and integration’ (Prophet of management, 1920, p. 20). Domination is the victory of one side over the other: it is not usually successful in the long run. Compromise means each part giving up something in order to have peace. Integration is looking for a solution where the desires of both parts have a place, and neither side has to sacrifice anything. Follett thought that ‘only integration really stabilizes’ (Follett, 1940, p. 35). The third major contribution to the study of modern administrative behaviour is that she presented the concept of power with, not over. In other words power should be jointly developed between management and employees and not employed in a coercive way by management. Power is one of the problems in organisation. Follett said that ‘the question of power was the central problem of social relations’ (Follett, 1930, p. 2). She did not think that power can be deputed but she believed in giving employees opportunities to gain his or her own power. Follett was only interested in studying how an organisation will give power while the others had been paid attention to the division of power and how to achieve it. She said: ‘So far as my observation has gone, it seems to me that whereas power usually means power-over, the power of some person or group over some other person or group, it is possible to develop the conception of power-with’ (Follett, 1940, p. 101). Follett announced that only ‘power-with’ was acceptable. She explained this: â€Å"True power then is ‘power-with’ another, not ‘power-other’ another. Until everyone within an organisation realises that they are bound together, each will see only their own situation. â€Å"Power with† can only come from obedience to a single, shared situation(Dynamic Administration (DA), 1965, p. 100). Perhaps this is why managers in the 1970s seemed so powerless to implement their strategies. They had ‘power over’ – but the strategies themselves did not generate ‘power with’. Mary Parker Follett, 1930) ‘Follett’s writings are probably most relevant to us today in her extensive discussions of leadership as an activity; she emphasises the sources of leadership in knowledge and experience rather than formal position† (Hurst, D. K, 1992, Business quarterly, p. 58). This is also her last contribution relevant to contemporary management problems. For Follett, managers are the important people in an organisation and leadership is a necessary management skill. The managers must have an intensive knowledge to show their orders are determined by the situation and a mind of great capacity to persuade other people. The managers should be able to give their employees some facilities to learn how to control the situation and make a decision by themselves. â€Å"The leader must be able to lead us to wise decisions, not to impose his wise decisions upon us; we need leaders, not masters or drivers. Follett saw that life in an integrated group not only rewards the spirit but also inspires better work, giving corporate leaders a reason to want a group identify for their employees† (The New State, 1918 and The optimist: Mary Parker Follett, p. 123). Follett is different far from the other theorists of her time. In classical management, leadership is also one of the important contributions in administrative principles. Her opinions about the group ethic, conflict, power, integration and leadership convince the modern organisations to change the management thoughts and actions. â€Å"Recognition of such interdependence is the basis of whatever genuine leadership it is possible for managers to exercise as a supplement to power rather than as a substitute for it† (The optimist: Mary Parker Follett, p. 28). This essay here allows us to conclude that Mary Parker Follett has been described as ‘thoroughly modern’ and an administrative theorist in the classical approach to management. ‘Indeed, in practically every area when we begin to see the light, we find that Follett has already lit the pathway for us to follow† (Prophet of management, 1920, p. 31); her contributions about coordination,conflict, power and leadership have convinced many organisationstoday focused on the validity of psychological foundations in business management. Our modern organisation opinions are deeply influence by the human relations movement that was just getting underway near the end of Follett’s life†.

Breach of data confidentiality

Breach of data confidentiality Introduction This essay focuses on breach of data confidentiality as a potential source of problems in healthcare institutions. Ensuring data confidentiality in healthcare institutions is a form of creating accountability in care organizations (American College of Healthcare Executives, 2012). The paper looks at causes, consequences, and recommendations on effective management of data.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Breach of data confidentiality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data confidentiality Poor handling of patients’ confidential data can cause serious problems in healthcare institutions. Therefore, preventing unauthorized access to and improper use of such data are mandatory parts of effective data governance in healthcare institutions. The goal of information confidentiality is to eliminate data security threats such as data loss and unauthorized access to, inappropriate use, and distribution of su ch data. This is a potential source of reputation and data privacy challenges in healthcare institutions. Causes and Prevention Healthcare institutions experience data confidentiality breach from unauthorized access, manipulation, usage, and distribution. Therefore, healthcare institutions must make sure that data are confidential by providing data security solutions that safeguard, restrict, and prevent unauthorized access to patients’ information. In addition, healthcare should stop any authorized access or use of such information using its internal structures for restrictions. Therefore, in order to ensure information confidentiality in healthcare institutions, there should be several measures to prevent confidentiality breach. First, healthcare institutions should use controlled access systems. This aims at preventing access to information by providing various access levels and authorization. Healthcare institutions should ensure that employees only get access to informat ion relevant to their job categories. Second, healthcare institutions should have restrictions on gaining access to areas and systems with medical records of patients. Third, healthcare institutions should have identification and authentication procedures for their employees. This approach ensures that only people authorized to get access to data do so. It should also implement real-time identity procedures to ensure that only employees with authorization can get access to patients’ information. Fourth, healthcare institutions should have systems that conceal patient’s identity as a way of controlling access to patients information. Thus, people can gain access to and use such information without compromising their confidentiality (American Medical Association , 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of ensuring data confidentiality There a re serious ethical and legal consequences of breaching data confidentiality. As a result, ethics and laws about information confidentiality have evolved to protect both patients and institutions. However, healthcare institutions face constant threats from computerized systems as they have changed how people gain access to and use confidential information. Given difficulties with information governance in healthcare institutions, healthcare institutions and their employees should ensure utmost protection of patient confidentiality. Employees in healthcare institutions must ensure that confidential data remain protected always. Therefore, it is the duty of caregivers to let patients know the limits of confidentiality. Thus, patients must make informed decisions about protecting their sensitive information by avoiding disclosure and choice for treatment. Patients also expect their caregivers and physicians to respect their privacy. In other words, caregivers and physicians can only rel ease sensitive medical records with informed consents of patients. It is only important for physicians and caregivers to know laws that involve effective protection of confidentiality, and should not ignore any form of confidentiality breach. This is because even minor cases of confidentiality breach result to mistrust, potential lawsuits together with disciplinary action or dismissal from the job (American Medical Association, 2012). Recommendations for information confidentiality in healthcare institutions Healthcare institutions face many challenges due to confidentiality of information shared across many sections. Human problems and management practices are serious threatens to information confidentiality in healthcare facilities. Therefore, effective information confidentiality and governance should involve the following. Healthcare institutions must educate both their staff and patients about the importance of maintaining information confidentiality. This ensures that people w ho handle such confidential data understand possible consequences of confidentiality breach. Healthcare institutions must also create systems that guard against any form of breach in confidentiality. This implies that policies and access controls should focus on regulatory and legal benchmarks. This prevents threats to information confidentiality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Breach of data confidentiality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If information governance procedures and access controls will have desirable impacts on healthcare provisions and management activities, then employees will adopt desirable practices when handling data. This improves quality of healthcare and satisfaction of patients. Different units should also align their procedures and information controls with those of the institution. This eliminates cases of unauthorized access to information. This requires all departments to collaborate a nd create aligned systems of gaining access to information. Healthcare facilities must also develop and implement procedures for reporting any case of breach in confidentiality of information. All parties know severe consequences of information misuse and loss, such as financial, trust, reputation and regulatory. Further, healthcare institutions must also avoid corresponding fines, lawsuits, loss of patients’ confidence, and misuse of information by adopting effective information governance. Therefore, any healthcare institution can reduce cases and impacts of breaches in data confidentiality by implementing appropriate methods of managing and reporting cases of confidentiality breaches. In case of any confidentiality breach, healthcare institutions should have appropriate response mechanisms to confidentiality breach and propose alternative measures to reduce impacts of such cases. References American College of Healthcare Executives. (2012). Top Issues Confronting Hospitals : 2011. Web. American Medical Association. (2012). Confidentiality: Computers. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More American Medical Association. (2012). Patient Confidentiality. Web.

Use of cbt in helping children experiencing nightmares, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders The WritePass Journal

Use of cbt in helping children experiencing nightmares, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders   Introduction Use of cbt in helping children experiencing nightmares, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders   IntroductionTHE CASE OF 8 YEAR OLD ESTHERPART 1 – MAJOR ISSUES AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONSNIGHTMARES AND DREAMS IN CHILDRENNightmares and emotionsNightmares and developmental ProcessNightmares and Traumatic experiencesNightmares and AffectANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDRENAnxiety Disorders and Neuro-cognitive functioning in childrenMOOD DISORDERS IN CHILDRENPART 2. INTERVENTION WITH CBTCBT FOR NIGHTMARESCBT FOR ANXIETY DISORDERSCBT FOR MOOD DISORDERSOTHER AREASCONCLUSION:BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated   Introduction THE CASE OF 8 YEAR OLD ESTHER The major issues that trouble 8 years old Esther are nightmares, anxiety problems and mood disorders. It is obvious from Esther’s family history that she shares the feeling of insecurity and depressive symptoms from her parents. The history of sexual abuse in the family makes her situation highly vulnerable. Esther is in need of help to overcome her haunting nightmares and anxieties about herself and her beloved ones. She also needs support in overcoming mood disorders. The family environment also needs to be modified so as to give positive energy for the child to improve her cognitive and behavioural skills and to overcome her problems. The theoretical approach that can help Esther in overcoming her issues more effectively is CBT. CBT techniques focus on cognitive areas and behavioural areas at the same time and therefore they are more effective in bringing out progressive changes in the subjects. CBT is a psychotherapeutic approach to find a solution to people’s emotional, behavioural and cognitive dysfunctions. CBT is recommended by NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) as an effective therapy for a number of problems like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (wikepedia.org). PART 1 – MAJOR ISSUES AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS NIGHTMARES AND DREAMS IN CHILDREN Nightmares and emotions American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) and American Sleep Disorders Association (ICSD – II; International classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual, 2005) define nightmares in association with the awakenings occur in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) where the individual’s mental activities can be recalled so easily as the brain is active, even while the individual is sleeping. Nightmares do have some emotional component as well and which mostly associated with fear-, anger and disgust (Zadra A, and Donderi, D.C., 1994) among the various types of nightmares, idiopathic nightmares – the cause of which still remains unrevealed – are more severe and worrying. Nightmares and developmental Process Studies on children’s dreams and nightmares suggest that dreams and nightmares can be used to disclose the various developmental changes (Siegel, B. Allen, 2005). Children’s age is an important factor in their dreams that is their ability to remember and describe what they see in dreams. According to Siegel (2005), age affects children’s capacity to explain what they see in dreams and to link them with their day today life events. This study has pointed out that gender is the next important variable that affects dreams in children (Siegel, B. Allen, 2005). Nightmares are generally are considered as part of the developmental process of children and adolescents and it does not need any treatment because they will cease to disturb them as their maturational process comes to its end (Terr L., 1987; Vela-Bueno A. et al,1985; Klackenberg,G., 1971).   This view is supported by a range of literature of treatment of medical, psychological and psychiatric treatment of nightmares (Halliday, G., 1987). There are studies which prove that nightmares and dreams occur frequently in higher rates in children and adolescents. A recent meta-analysis by Sandoval, D. et al (1997) says that the occurrence of nightmares in children and adolescents very high, though the level varies at different stages of childhood and adolescence. They have found that the prevalence rate is higher in the early childhood category with 42.2 per cent. Another major finding of this study was that 42 per cent of the adults experiencing chronic nightmares had the problem onset by the age of 15 years and more than 50 per cent of the adult victims of chronic nightmares developed their problem before the age of 20 years.   Even if nightmares are likely to decrease with the progress in maturational process, there are chances for them to turn out as disorders in some children and adolescents, due to a range of environmental factors that affect psychological balance like the death of a dear person, sexual or physical abuse or neglect by parents, carers, teachers, siblings, peers etc (Achenbach, T.M., 1981; Hartman, E., 1984). All these are evidences to the fact that children and adolescents experience nightmares in higher rates and chronic nightmares make a number of them to suffer, sometimes in their adulthood as well. Dreams and nightmares are normal but their interaction with unexpected and negative environmental factors – a few of them are listed before – affects the victims to make their life worse with chronic instances of nightmares. Nightmares and Traumatic experiences Traumatic experiences are found to have associations with nightmares. Most of the individuals with severe traumatic experiences can re-experience the event in the forms of nightmares and flashbacks. 75 per cent of the with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience the traumatic events in the forms of nightmares (Kilpatrick et al., 1994) and the rate of nightmare occurrence is higher in those who were traumatised by incidents like violence, rape and natural calamities. Krakrow et al (1995) conducted a study among the women who were diagnosed with PTSD after sexual abuse and assaults and found that 60 per cent of them were suffering from nightmares. Among them those women who survived rape were found to be suffering from higher frequency with 26 per cent. Nightmares and Affect There exists no scientific definition for dreams which is approved by everyone. Hence nightmares are interpreted as ‘unpleasant or frightening dreams’ (Pagel1, JF, Helfter, P., 2003). Nightmares have some negative affect in the individuals and it is this affect that causes disturbance or awakening during sleep (Zervas, I.M., Soldatos, C.R., 2005). Many efforts are made by applied scientists to explore the causes, mechanism and manifestations of dreams and nightmares in human beings (Soldatos CR, Paparrigopoulos TJ., 2005). Affect can be originated while a person is sleeping either by troubled homeostasis or through ‘the resynchronization of previously established affect-cognitive’ state (Georg Schulze, 2006). Dreams and nightmares in children were always of higher importance among the researchers. Latest techniques likes content analysis research have become highly successful in explaining how dreams and nightmares in children can be used to read the effects of developmental changes in them. The task of analysing dreams in children in early childhood and childhood are difficult than the dreams of adolescents because the former group are less capable of recalling their dreams and to narrate them clearly (Siegel, B. Allen, 2005). ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN Children and adolescents are no exceptions to anxiety disorders. Studies have found that 2.6-5.9 per cent of children experience overanxious disorder (OAD) and 2-5.4 per cent of them suffer from separation anxiety disorder (SAD) (Anderson, 1994). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents have links with their language skills and thinking (cognitive) flexibility. Anxiety related disorders are not yet identified outside the verbal processes in Children (Toren, P., 2000). Different anxiety disorders and other psychological disorders have co-morbid relationships among them (Toren, P., 2000). Anxiety Disorders and Neuro-cognitive functioning in children Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents affect their neuro-cognitive functioning. Hooper and March (1995) and Benjamin, et al (1990) have identified that young children and adolescents with anxiety disorders are often noted by their teachers for poor academic performance. They suggest that this is the result of the neuro-cognition based learning disabilities in the children with anxiety disorders. There are no evidences for the relationship between childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders and brain dysfunction but it is found that anxiety can affect the adaptation skills of children and adolescents (Hooper and march, 1995). Anxiety disorders have more specific and apparent impacts on the cognitive growth and development of children and adolescents. The studies using self-statement questionnaire have traced out the frequency, essence and depth of thoughts of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders; during and before performing tasks like writing (Kendall and Chansky, 1991). Eysenck (1990) has drafted a special scheme to understand the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. The finding is portrayed as ‘threatening’ by Eysenck as he noted that children with anxiety disorders developed a sense of negative perception on themselves and the world around them. He has observed that the information processing system in such children operated so selectively with negative perception on themselves and the social environment. Children and adolescent with anxiety disorders shows a kind of biased processing of information with negative attitudes (Mogg, et al, 1993 ) and behaviour with ‘task-inhibiting thoughts’ (Francis, 1988). The negative attitude and perception on themselves, their tasks and on the whole society etc. are higher in children with higher anxiety related problems, when compared to their peers who had no anxiety related problems. It is also found that children experiencing anxiety disorders have difficulties in controlling their cognitive processes and attention on things they are doing. They are found to have difficulty to respond immediately in accordance with internal and external stimuli that make them to act properly with situational requirements (Kendall and Chansky, 1991). Anxiety disorders are not specific to any specific period in human life but their prevalence is widely recognised to occur at any time in the lifetime of an individual (Kessler et al., 2005). Anxiety disorders affect not only the individuals who suffer them but at the same time they have gained a socioeconomic concern and at the same time there is shortage of information to explain the scope of anxiety disorders above the sphere of OCD (obsessive compulsive disorders) (Paul Hammerness, 2007). The existing literature on childhood anxiety disorders were criticised for their limited information. Those studies were criticised for being conducted with limited samples and for limited techniques of data collection. And they failed to provide accurate information on individual syndromes by coming out of the broad areas. The research on childhood anxiety disorders is yet to come out of the traditional definitions that are limited to separation anxiety. It further needs to supply information about the disorders which have co-morbidity with childhood anxiety disorders. (Paul Hammerness, 2007). The field of study of childhood anxiety disorders need to be fortified with relevant, scientific and clinical evidences so as to have more accurate findings on the causes and effects of those disorders. The co-morbidity factor of childhood anxiety disorders is yet to be explored in detail. It is inevitable for providing help and support to children who are clinically challenged with childhood anxiety disorders. Above all, these studies must be capable of providing inputs to public health knowledge base and strategy formulation for earlier interventions to address the issues related with childhood anxiety disorders (Paul Hammerness, 2007). MOOD DISORDERS IN CHILDREN Mood disorders are mainly classified into four types by the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) namely ‘depressive disorders’, ‘bipolar disorders’ ‘mood disorders due to medical conditions’ and ‘substance-induced mood disorders. Children and adolescents with mood disorders suffer from a lot of personal, familial and social problems. Mood disorders affect children’s academic life and interpersonal relationships too (Duggal, et al., 2001). Mood changes are normal in various developmental periods with depressive and at times can be elevated too. The term ‘mood disorders’ is not used to mention these temporary mood fluctuations but the mood changes   that last in them for a longer time and affect their day today life are part of mood disorders. mood changes that last in individuals for longer periods are considered as abnormal and they need special attention and treatment, depending on the functional impairment or disability of the ind ividual (APA, 2000). Such functional impairments, if goes unnoticed, can harm the growth and development of children and can cause negative impacts on their academic performance, social and interpersonal activities (Reynolds Kamphaus, 2003). Among the victims of mood disorders, symptoms of depression are common to children and adolescents, before they attain adulthood (Ollendick, Shortt, Sander, 2005).   A recent meta-analysis by Costello et al (2006) has found that 2.8 per cent of the children under the age of 13 years suffer from depressive mood disorders whereas the prevalence rate is much higher in the adolescents in the age group of 14-18 years with 5.6 per cent. The study by Kessler et al (2001), which attempted to check the lifetime prevalence of mood disorders, has found that 25 per cent of adults with mood disorders have the onset of the disorder before attaining adulthood. Gender differences are quite visible in the matter of mood disorders. Studies have found that women are more vulnerable to depressive disorders during their adolescence (Cohen et al., 1993; Kessler et al., 2001). The ratio of depressive disorders in males and females during adolescence is 2:1 (Axelson Birmaher, 2001; Rushton, Forcier, Sc hectman, 2003). There is literature evidence for the links between unipolar depression and personality traits. The symptoms of unipolar depression are higher rate of self-criticism, neuroticism and rigid behaviour (Sauer et al., 1997) and at the same time there is scarcity of literature to support the links between personality traits and bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder are more vulnerable than those with unipolar disorders because bipolar disorder changes people’s mood unexpectedly and they are floated between low self-regulations, negative affectivity, decreased levels of cooperation etc.   (Savitz and Ramesar, 2006). PART 2. INTERVENTION WITH CBT Esther is suffering mainly from haunting nightmares, anxiety disorders and mood disorders. The interventions that aim to support Esther have to focus these three important areas and have to understand the depth of the impacts caused by each of these problem areas. The approach we need to take is cognitive behavioural therapy approach which will help her to correct the accumulated wrong cognitions and perceptions which causes frequent nightmares, makes her worried about the safety and security of her own and that of her dear ones and to overcome the problems or issues due to depressive mood disorders. CBT is the generally accepted and approved therapy for the treatment of psychological problems affecting children and adolescents. CBT is found to be effective in treating disorders called as internalising disorders like depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder), ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) and CD (conduct disorder). These disorders are the result of gradual internalising processes that take place in the mind of the individual without he/she being aware of the changes they produce in him/her (Michael A. Southam-Gerow and Philip C. Kendall, 2000). These internalised perceptions and concepts are gradually revealed through different set of behaviours which are considered to be abnormal by the society and when they exhibit certain symptoms and signs of scientific definitions are considered to be disorders (Kendall et al., 1991; Kendall, 1993). CBT FOR NIGHTMARES The primary area of intervention for Esther is her nightmares. Using the CBT approach, the therapist needs to analyse her cognitive areas which are affected by her pathological condition. One approach that can be used to help Esther is the â€Å"auto-suggested dreams† approach (Wile, 1935) which asks children to dream about the coming night. This technique is to be exercised on a regular interval and it will produce remarkable improvements in the children, within few weeks or months, depending on the severity of the nightmare problem they experience. This technique needs to be followed up for at least 4-5 months to have the expected output (Barry Krakow, M.D., 2001). Another technique propounded by Barry Krakow is the imagery rehearsal therapy which involves four group therapy sessions, each of which lasts for 2-3 hours. Where the individual’s dreaming process is observed in a therapeutic environment and rehearsed so as to correct the problems there (Barry Krakow, M.D., 2001). CBT FOR ANXIETY DISORDERS The next problem that affects Esther is her anxiety disorders. CBT is widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Childhood anxiety disorders are caused mostly by the environment where the child lives, which involves their peers, their academic institutions their families and the low psychological wellbeing (Costello, Egger, Angold, 2004; Verduin Kendall, 2008). It is found that about 18 per cent of children and adolescents are affected by childhood anxiety disorders (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Walters, 2005). CBT is used to be an effective therapeutic approach for childhood anxiety disorders. (Silverman, Pina, Viswesvaran, 2008). It is also reported that the effects of CBT last for longer periods in children with childhood anxiety disorders (Glantz et al., 2009; Kendall Kessler, 2002; Kessler et al., 2007). The effects of randomised controlled trials of CBT are said to be long-lasting and highly effective in helping children to get rid completely of their problems (Kendall, Flannery-Schroeder, Safford, Webb, 2004). CBT FOR MOOD DISORDERS The next important area where Esther needs assistance is in controlling her mood related problems. CBT is highly effective in children experiencing mood disorders. The role of family, especially that of parents is highly important in using CBT in children with mood disorders, which was not recognised earlier (Lewinsohn,   Clarke,   Hops,   Andrews,   1990). In the modern CBT environment for children with mood disorders, parents are made aware with the skills, techniques etc. which are necessary for the treatment of the problems of their children. Parents’ support and involvement is found to be more effective in bringing out the expected changes in children who experienced childhood mood disorders and have undergone CBT Training. Both parents and children received benefits of latest technique of CBT. Esther’s parents also have to be included in the treatment process because the mood disorders are passed to her through both her parents who experience similar mood s in the place where they live. OTHER AREAS The therapist who intervenes with Esther has to pay special attention to the environment where she lives. The case hits that her parents too need to be observed for mood related problems. Therefore they too must be incorporated with the therapeutic process so as to ensure the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach with Esther. The family environment needs to be modified for longlasting effects. Next area that needs attention is the protection of the child from sexual abuse from the maternal step-grandfather. As her mother and aunt are already victims of his abuse, the situation of Esther is highly vulnerable. She needs to be protected from him and her parents must be educated about this issue. CONCLUSION: The case of Esther is of Nightmares, mood disorder and childhood anxiety disorder. The therapist can help her to overcome her problems through the effective use of CBT separately for all the problem areas where she suffers. Added to this her family environment which makes her maladjusted and feel insecure needs to be modified with proper education and awareness to the parents. BIBLIOGRAPHY Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS. Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs  of the  Society  for Research in  Child Development. 1981;4:61–82 American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Anderson, J. C. (1994). Epidemiological issues. In T. H. Ollendick, N. J. King, W. Yule (Eds.), International handbook of phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 43–66). 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Food Safety within a Hotel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Food Safety within a Hotel - Assignment Example The instance is to ensure the possibility of the introduction of hazards that may have a severe effect on both the safety of food and its suitability for consumption by humans (Smulders, 2006). Information relating to the food safety management is primarily from the universal terms; the Safer food, better business (SFBB). The principal significance of SFB is to assist the small businesses in the procedures and the regulations required in ensuring the safety in food production and handling before consumption by human beings (Arduser and Brown, 2005). For this reason, SFB operates through the below subsections as the way of conveying the intended information to the stakeholders handling the foodstuffs before the final human consumption; Safer food, better business for child-minders; that provide the simple, straightforward advice on food safety. For instance, the information pertaining to a child's nutrition, health, and care practices. Safer food, better business for residential care homes; that help the caterers and the staff employed in the residential areas during the preparation and handling of foodstuffs in such places (Andrews, 2011). Safer food, better business for different cuisines, applicable to small catering businesses. For instance, the restaurants and takeaways that only serve specific groups of people such as the Chinese cuisine or Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan cuisines. An organization that produces food substances should be well conversant with the steps required for the control of temperatures of food substances. Consequently, the organization may use the steps below towards realizing the objective of regulating the food temperatures in a control system; The first step should include the development of a temperature monitoring system. In this instance, every staff in the organization should work on his or her assigned task on the regulation of the temperature control system (OFallon, 2011).There is a need to enhance food safety so as to avoid the loss of life lives due to food consumption. For this reason, an organization should consider implementing the suggestions presented in this report so as to realize the objective.